Albert Barnes on Matthew 22:41

While the Pharisees, etc. Jesus, having confounded the great sects of the Jews, proceeds in his turn to propose to them a question for their solution. This was done not for the purpose of vain parade and triumph, but,

1st. to show them how ignorant they were of their prophecies.

2nd. To humble them in view of their ignorance.

3rd. To bring to their attention the true doctrine respecting the Messiah --his being possessed of a character superior to that of David, the most mighty king of Israel--being his Lord, at the same time that he was his descendant.