John Calvin on Exodus 20:11

11. For in six days the Lord made. From this passage it may be probably conjectured that the hallowing of the Sabbath was prior to the Law; and undoubtedly what Moses has before narrated, that they were forbidden to gather the manna on the seventh day, seems to have had its origin from a well-known and received custom; whilst it is not credible that the Observance of the Sabbath was omitted, when God revealed the rite of sacrifice to the holy (Fathers. Added from Fr. ) But what in the depravity of human nature was altogether extinct among heathen nations, and almost obsolete with the race of Abraham, God renewed in His Law: that the Sabbath should be honored by holy and inviolable observance; and this the impure dogs “Les payens, comme chiens mastins;” the heathen, like dogs. — Fr. accounted to be amongst the disgraces of the Jewish nation.

Passages having reference to the Exposition of the Fourth Commandment

Leviticus 19

Leviticus 19:30

30. Ye shall keep my sabbaths, and reverence my sanctuary: I am the LORD.

30. Sabbatha mea observabitis, et sanctuarium meum metuetis. Ego Jehova.

Leviticus 26

Leviticus 26:2

2. Ye shall keep my sabbaths, and reverence my sanctuary: I am the LORD.

2. Sabbatha mea custodite, et sanctuarium meum timete. Ego Jehova.

Leviticus 23

Leviticus 23:3

3. Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest, an holy convocation; ye shall do no work therein: it is the sabbath of the LORD in all your dwellings.

3. Sex diebus facietis opus, septimo die cessatio est quietis, celebritas sancta: nullum opus facietis in eo: Sabbathum eat Jehovae in cunctis habitationibus vestris.

Exodus 34

Exodus 34:21

21. Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest: in eating time and in harvest thou shalt rest.

21. Sex diebus operaberis, septimo die quiesces in aratione et messe.

Exodus 35

Exodus 35:1-3

1. And Moses gathered all the congregation of the children of Israel together, and said unto them, These are the words which the LORD hath commanded, that ye should do them.

1. Congregavit Moses universum coetum filiorum Israel, et dixit illis, Haec sunt verba quae princepit Jehova ut faciatis.

2. Six days shall work be done; but on the seventh day there shall be to you an holy day, a sabbath of rest to the LORD: whosoever doeth work therein shall be put to death.

2. Sex diebus facies opus, die septimo erit vobis sanctitas, Sabbathum cessationis Jehovae: quisquis fecerit opus in eo, morietur.

3. Ye shall kindle no fire throughout your habitations upon the sabbath day.

3. Ne accendatis ignem in omnibus habitaculis vestris die Sabbathi.

Leviticus 19

Leviticus 19:3

3. ... keep my sabbaths: I am the LORD your God.

3. Sabbatha mea servate: ego Jehova Deus vester.