C. F. Keil and Franz Delitzsch on Genesis 18:1-5

Visit of Jehovah, With Two Angels, to Abraham’s Tent - Genesis 18

Having been received into the covenant with God through the rite of circumcision, Abraham was shortly afterwards honoured by being allowed to receive and entertain the Lord and two angels in his tent. This fresh manifestation of God had a double purpose, viz., to establish Sarah’s faith in the promise that she should bear a son in her old age (Gen 18:1-15), and to announce the judgment on Sodom and Gomorrah (vv. 16-33).

Gen 18:1-5

When sitting, about mid-day, in the grove of Mamre, in front of his tent, Abraham looked up and unexpectedly saw three men standing at some distance from him (עליו above him, looking down upon him as he sat), viz., Jehovah (Gen 18:13) and two angels (Gen 19:1); all three in human form. Perceiving at once that one of them was the Lord (אדני, i.e., God), he prostrated himself reverentially before them, and entreated them not to pass him by, but to suffer him to entertain them as his guests: “Let a little water be fetched, and wash your feet, and recline yourselves (השּׁען( sevle to recline, leaning upon the arm) under the tree.” - “Comfort your hearts:” lit., “strengthen the heart,” i.e., refresh yourselves by eating and drinking (Jdg 19:5; 1Ki 21:7). “For therefore (sc., to give me an opportunity to entertain you hospitably) have ye come over to your servant:” כּן על כּי does not stand for כּי כּן על (Ges. thes. p. 682), but means “because for this purpose” (vid., Ewald, §353).