Matthew Poole and continuators on Esther 3:2

2 And all the kings servants that were in the kings gate bowed, and reverenced Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him: but Mordecai bowed not, nor did him reverence .

The reason of which obstinate refusal, was either 1. The quality of the person; that he was not only an infamously wicked man, and an heathen, but of that nation, which God had obliged the Israelites to abhor and oppose from generation to generation; and therefore he durst not shew outward respect to a man whom he did, and ought inwardly to contemn. Or, rather 2. The nature of the thing; for the worship required was not only civil, but divine: which as the Kings of Persia did undoubtedly arrogate to themselves, and expect and receive from their subjects and others who came into their presence, as is affirmed by divers authors, so they did sometimes impart this honour to some of their chief favourites, that they should be adored in like manner. And that it was so here, seems more than probable, because it was wholly superfluous, and almost ridiculous to give an express and particular command to all the Kings Servants that were in the Kings Gate, as here it was, to pay a civil respect to so great a Prince, which of course they used, and were ever obliged to do: and therefore a divine honour must be here intended. And that a Jew should deny this honour, or the outward expressions of it, to such a person, is not strange, seeing the wise and sober Graecians did positively refuse to give this honour to the Kings of Persia themselves, even when they were to make their addresses to them, and one Timocrates was put to death by the Athenians for worshipping Darius in that manner.

Marginal references: Gr▪ [illegible: 1 word]; See E[illegible: 1+ letters] [illegible: 1+ letters]. 19.