Matthew Poole and continuators on Genesis 1:2

2. And the Earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep: and the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the Waters.

The same confused mass or heap is here called both Earth, from its most solid and substantial part; and the deep, from its vast bulk and depth; and Waters, from its outward face and covering. See Psal. 104. 6. 2 Pet. 3. 5.

(i. e.) Without order and beauty, and without furniture and use.

The surface or uppermost part of it, upon which the light afterward shone. Thus not the Earth onely, but also the Heaven above it was without light, as is manifest from the following verses.

Not the Wind, which was not yet Created, as is manifest, because the Air, the Matter or Subject of it, was not yet produced: But the Third Person of the Glorious Trinity, called the Holy Ghost, to whom the work of Creation is attributed, Iob 26. 13. as it is ascrib'd to the Second Person, the Son, Ioh. 1. 3. Col. 1. 16, 17. Heb. 1. 3. and to the first Person, the Father, every where.

(i. e.) Upon the Waters. To cherish quicken, and dispose them to the production of the things after mentioned. It is a Metaphor from Birds hovering and fluttering over, and sitting upon their Eggs and young Oaes, to cherish, warm, and quicken them.