Matthew Poole and continuators on Isaiah 24

BEhold, the LORD maketh the earth empty, and maketh it waste, and turneth it upside down, and scattereth abroad the inhabitants thereof.

Or, the land, to wit, of Canaan, or Israel, or Iudaea. It is usual with all Writers, when they write of their own Country, to call it the land, by way of eminency. There are many things in this Prophecy which manifestly concern this Land and People; and nothing, at least before v. 21. which may be taken as a new and additional Prophecy, which is necessarily to be understood of other Nations. But this I speak with submission, and due respect to those Learned and Judicious Interpreters who take this to be a Prophecy against Iudaea, and all the neighbouring Nations.

He will shortly make it waste, first by the Assyrians, and then by the Chaldeans.

Bringeth it into great disorder and confusion.

Marginal references: Heb. perverteth the face thereof.

2 And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the lender, so with the borrower; as with the taker of usury; so with the giver of usury to him.

The approaching Calamity shall be universal, without any respect or distinction of Persons or Ranks of Men; the Priests themselves having been Partakers of the Peoples Sins, shall also partake with them in their Plagues.

The Purchaser of Lands shall have no more left than he who hath sold all his Patrimony; and all Persons shall be made equal in Beggary and Slavery.

Marginal references: Or, prince▪; Hos. [illegible: 1+ letters]. 9.; Ezek. 7. 1[illegible: 1+ letters], 13.

4 The earth mourneth and fadeth away, the world languisheth and fadeth away, the haughty people of the earth do languish.

From this Word some infer, That this Prophecy concerns not onely the Land of Iudaea, but also the neighbouring Countries: But if the proper Signification of that Word be urged, this Prophecy must be extended to all the Parts of the World, which these Learned men will not allow. And the world, both in Scripture, and other Authors, is oft used Synechdochically for that which is in truth but a small part of it, at least in comparison with the Whole; as it is not onely of the Roman Empire, as Luk. 2. 1. Act. 11. 28. but also of Babylon, Isa. 13. 11. and, which cometh nearer to the point, of this very Land of Iudaea, as Ioh. 12. 19. & 18. 20. and elsewhere. And therefore it may well be so understood here, especially when this Word world is explained by those other Words the earth, and the land, which the very next Verse sheweth to be meant of Israel or Iudaea, as we shall there discover.

Not onely Common People, who use to be of low Spirits; but the High and Lofty ones, who use to be stout in their Words and Carriages towards me, and to deride my Threatnings.

Marginal references: Heb. the heighth of the people.

5 The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof: because they have transgressed the laws, changed the ordinance , broken the everlasting covenant.

Heb. And the land, or, this land; for here is an emphatical Article in the Hebrew Text.

By the Wickedness of its People; of which see Levit. 18. 25, 27, Numb. 35. 33. &c.

The Laws of God revealed to them, and pressed upon them in a singular manner, called simply the laws, as the Word of God is oft-times called the word by way of eminency.

God's Ordinances concerning his Worship and Service; the Singular being put collectively for the Plural.

The Covenant made between God and Abraham, and all his Posterity, renewed with the Israelites at Sinai, which was everlasting, both on God's part, who, upon the Conditions therein expressed, engaged himself to be a God to them and to their Seed for ever; and on Israels part, who were obliged thereby to constant and perpetual Obedience through all Generations. All these Clauses clearly prove, that the earth or land which this Prophecy concerns, is no other than the Land of Israel and Iudah.

Marginal references: Gen. 3. 17.

6 Therefore hath the curse devoured the earth, and they that dwell therein are desolate: therefore the inhabitants of the earth are burned , and few men left.

The Curse of God threatned to Transgressours, Deut. 28. 15. &c. and 29. 20. and imprecated by and upon themselves, if they should not persist in their Obedience to God, Deut. 2[illegible: 1+ letters]. 26. and elsewhere.

Are consum'd by the Wrath of God, which is commonly compared to Fire.

7 The new wine mourneth , the vine languisheth , all the merry-hearted do sigh.

Because there are either none, or none but the Enemies of God and Israel, to drink it. Grief is ascribed to senceless Creatures by a Figure usual in all Authors.

Either because there are no People left to dress it, or gather its Grapes; or because it is broken down and spoiled by the Enemy.

That made their Hearts merry with Wine, Psal. 104. 15.

Marginal references: Chap. 16. 8, 9. Joel 1. 10, 12.

8 The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoyce endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth.

Which they used in their Feasts and Revellings.

The Word properly signifies a roaring Noise and confused Clamour, such as drunken men make, Psal. 78. 65. Zech. 9. 15.

Marginal references: Jer. 7. 34. & 16. 9. & 25. 10. Ezek. 26. 13. Hos. 2. 11.

9 They shall not drink wine with a song, strong drink shall be bitter to them that drink it .

Because of the Fears and Miseries wherewith it is mixed.

10 The city of confusion is broken down: every house is shut up , that no man may come in.

Ierusalem, and other Cities; for the Singular Word may be here taken collectively.

Or, of vanity, or emptiness, or desolation; for this Hebrew Word signifies all these things. And the City may be thus called, either, 1. in regard of the Judgments of God coming upon it, as if he had said, a City devoted to Desolation or Destruction, to be emptied of its Goods and People: or, 2. for its Sin, a City of Confusion or Disorder, breaking all the Laws and Orders which God had established among them; or a City that walketh with or after vanity, as the Scripture speaks, Iob 31. 5. Ier. 2. 5. that loveth and speaketh vanity, as they did Psal. 4. 2. & 12. 2. And this may seem most convenient, that the Sin of the City should be noted in this Word, as the Punishment is expressed in the next.

Either for fear of the Enemy who have entred the City; or rather, because the Inhabitants are either fled, or dead, or gone into Captivity, and so there are none to go into it, or come out of it.

Marginal references: Or, emptiness.

11 There is a crying for wine in the streets, all joy is darkned, the mirth of the land is gone.

For the want or loss of their Wine, and spoil of their Vines, whereby they were deprived of the Means both of their Delight and Profit. Whereby he intimates their gross Sensuality and Sottishness, that in stead of crying for their Sins, and humbling themselves under God's Judgments, did onely howl for their corn, and wine, and oil, as they did Hos. 7. 14.

12 In the city is left desolation, and the gate is smitten with destruction .

The Gates of the City are totally ruined, that the Enemy may enter when and where they please.

13 When thus it shall be in the midst of the land among the people, there shall be as the shaking of an olive-tree, and as the gleaninggrapes when the vintage is done .

When this Judgment shall be executed.

In the Land: But withal this Phrase may intimate, that the Judgment should not be sleight and superficial, and in the Skirts of the Land; but that it should reach their very Heart, their most inward and best defended Parts.

There shall be left a Remnant, and that but a very small Remnant; as there are some few, and but a few Olives or Grapes left after the Vintage is over. Which, by comparing this with the following Verse, seems to be added by way of mitigation, to signifie, that God would in Judgment remember Mercy.

Marginal references: Chap. 17. 5, 6.

14 They shall lift up their voice, they shall sing for the majesty of the LORD , they shall cry aloud from the sea .

The Remnant preserved.

For his glorious Power and Goodness manifested in their Deliverance.

In way of Exultation and Thanksgiving to God.

From the Isles of the Sea, as this is explained in the next Verse; from those Parts beyond the Sea into which they were carried Captive, and in which they were miraculously preserved.

15 Wherefore, glorifie ye the LORD in the fires , even the Name of the LORD God of Israel in the isles of the sea .

These are the Words either, 1. of the Remnant, who being themselves delivered, do encourage and exhort their Brethren to glorifie God with them: or, 2. of the Prophet, directing and exciting God's People to glorifie God in their Afflictions, because of that Deliverance which he had promised, and would assuredly give to them.

When you are in the Furnace of Affliction; although this Word is never used in Scripture in this sence. Others therefore render the Word, in the valleys; and others, in the holes, you that are now forced to hide your selves in Holes. Possibly it may be better rendred, for light or illumination; which may be understood either of the Light of the Truth which God would reveal to them; or for the Comfort and Felicity which God would confer upon them; Light being frequently taken both ways in Scripture. For this Hebrew Word, in all other Places of Scripture where it is found, signifies that Urim which was in the High-Priest's Breastplate, and which properly signifies illumination, as both Jews and Christians render it, whereof that was both a Sign and an Instrument; of which see on Exod. 28. 30. Add to this, that this part of the Prophecy seems to concern the Days of the Gospel, and that Light which the Jews should then receive by the Messias, of whom the High-Priest with his Ephod and Urim was a Type. And so this is an Exhortation to the converted Jews to bless God for the true Urim, even for Christ and the Gospel. And some of the ancient Translators had this Signification of the Word in their Eye, as the Vulgar Latin, who render it, in doctrines; and the Chaldee, who translate it, when light shall come to the just. But this I propose with submission.

In remote Countries, beyond the Sea, which in Scripture are commonly called isles, as hath been formerly and oft observed. Whereby he seems to imply, that he here speaks not so much of a Temporal Felicity which the Jews should receive and enjoy in their own Country, as of a Spiritual Advantage which they should have by the Messias in the Places where they were dispersed.

Marginal references: Or, valleys.; Ezek. 39. 6.

16 From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs , even glory to the righteous : but I said , My leanness, my leanness , wo unto me: the treacherous dealers have dealt treacherously , yea, the treacherous dealers have dealt very treacherously .

From all the Parts of the Earth or Land in which the Jews are or shall be.

Songs of Joy and Praise.

Or, glory be to the righteous; which may seem to be the Matter of the Song. By the righteous may be here understood either, 1. the Generation of Righteous and Holy Men, who formerly were despised, but now, upon this eminent Deliverance, shall be highly honoured: or, 2. the Lord, whom they were exhorted to glorifie in the foregoing Verse, and who may well be called the righteous one, as he is frequently stiled the holy one, as Hos. 11. 9. Habak. 3. 3. &c. or, 3. the Messiah, to whom this Title of just or righteous is frequently given, as Isa. 53. 11. Ier. 23. 5. Zech. 9. 9. &c. And the believing Jews call him righteous emphatically, partly to intimate that he is the Author and Procurer of all true Righteousness, and partly in opposition to their unbelieving Brethren, who rejected and condemned him as a Malefactor. All which the Prophet foresaw by the Spirit of Prophecy.

But in the midst of these joyful Tidings, I discern something which interrupts my Joys, and gives me cause of bitter complaint and lamentation.

I saint and pine away for grief, for the following Reason.

The Jews, who have been frequently guilty of great perfidiousness towards God, are now acting the same Part. Which he speaks either, 1. of those who lived in his time; or rather, 2. of those who should live when the Messias was upon Earth, of whom he foresaw by the Spirit, that they would forsake God, and reject their Messiah, and thereby bring utter Destruction upon themselves. For even the Hebrew Doctors expound this Place of the Perfidiousness of some Jews in the times of the Messiah. And it is not strange that so sad a sight made the Prophet cry out, My leanness, &c.

He repeats it, to shew the horridness of the Crime, and how deeply he was affected with it.

Marginal references: Heb. wing.; Heb. Leanness to me. Or, My secret to me.

17 Fear, and the pit, and the snare are upon thee, O inhabitant of the earth.

Great and various Judgments, some actually inflicted, and others expected and justly feared, as the punishment of their last-mentioned Treachery.

Marginal references: Jer. 48. 43, 44. See 1 Kin. 19. 17. Amos 5. 19.

18 And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the fear , shall fall into the pit ; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit, shall be taken in the snare; for the windows from on high are open, and the foundations of the earth do shake .

Upon the Report of some terrible Evil coming towards him, the Act fear, being here put for the Object, or the thing feared, as it is in many places. And thus this very Phrase is taken Iob 15. 21.

When he designs to avoid one Danger, by so doing he shall plunge himself into another, and a greater Mischief.

Both Heaven and Earth conspire against him. He alludes to the Deluge of Waters which God poured down from Heaven, and to the Earthquakes which he oft-times causeth below.

Marginal references: Gen. 7. 11.; Psal. 18. 7.

19 The earth is utterly broken down▪ the earth is clean dissolved, the earth is moved exceedingly .

This is repeated again, partly to shew the dreadfulness and certainty of these Judgments, and partly to awaken and affect the stupid Israelites, who greatly needed it.

20 The earth shall reel to and fro like a drunkard , and shall be removed like a cottage , and the transgression thereof shall be heavy upon it , and it shall fall, and not rise again.

The People of the Earth.

Shall be sorely perplexed and distressed, not knowing whither to go, nor what to do.

Or, like a lodge in a Garden, of which this Word is used Isa. 1. 8. which is soon taken down, and set up in another place, as occasion requires. Or, as others render it, like a tent, which is easily and commonly carried from place to place.

Those Sins which they formerly esteemed light and pleasant, shall now be most burdensom and grievous to them, because of the dreadful punishments which shall follow them.

Marginal references: Chap. 19. 14.

21 And it shall come to pass in that day , that the LORD shall punish the host of the high ones that are on high , and the kings of the earth upon the earth.

Either when God shall punish the Apostatical Jews; or, about or after that time; or, in a time known to God: for this Phrase is oft used indefinitely, and without any respect to the time designed in the foregoing passages.

The proud and potent Enemies of God, and of his People, who possess the High-places of the Earth.

Either, 1. the great Monarchs of the World, who now scorn and trample upon God's People; or, 2. the Princes and Rulers▪ of Israel or Iudah: for the Name of king is frequently▪ given in Scripture unto mean and inferiour Rulers, as Iudg. 1. 7. 1 Kings 20. 1, 12. Psal. 119. 46. and elsewhere.

Marginal references: Heb. visit upon.

22 And they shall be gathered together as prisoners are gathered in the pit; and shall be shut up in the prison ; and after many days shall they be visited .

By God's special Providence, in order to their punishment, as the following Words shew. And thus the unbelieving Iews were generally gathered together at Ierusalem, to their Solemn Feast, when Titus came and besieged, and after some time took and destroyed them. Which was a very remarkable Hand of God, as [illegible: 1 word] and other Historians observed. And I know nothing to the contrary, but this very thing may be meant in this place; it being confessed, that divers Passages of this Chapter concern the times of the Messiah.

As Malefactors, which are taken in several Places, are usually brought to one common Prison, where they are reserved in order to their Trial and Punishment.

Either, 1. in Judgment, as visiting is oft used. So the sence is, After they have been punished with long Imprisonment, and tormented with Expectation and Fear, they shall be [illegible: 1 word] forth to receive co[illegible: 1+ letters]ign Punishment. Or rather, 2. [illegible: 1 word] Mercy▪ And so the sence may be either, 1. After the Jews shall have suffered many and grievous things from the Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians, and others, at last their Messiah and Deliverer shall come into the World, &c. Or, 2. After the Unbelieving and Apostate Jews shall have been shut up in Unbelief, and in great Tribulations for many Ages together, they shall be convinced of their Sin in crucifying their Messiah, and brought home to God and Christ by true Repentance.

Marginal references: Heb. with the gathering of prisoners.; Or, dungeon.; Or, found wanting.

23 Then the moon shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed , when the LORD of hosts shall reign in mount Zion and in Jerusalem , and before his ancients gloriously .

The sun and moon are here considered either, 1. as they were abused to Idolatry; for these two were most eminent Idols, and most generally worshipped, especially in those Eastern Countries, Deut. 4. 19. & 17. 3. Iob 31. 26. &c. and so may be put for all Idols, which were confounded by Christ at his coming, as was foretold in Scripture, and verified by the Testimony of Ancient, yea even of Heathen Historians: Or, 2. as they were the most eminent and glorious Lights of the World, and were oft used, both in Scripture and other Authors, to signifie the great Kings and Potentates and Glories of the World, as hath been formerly noted, and we shall have further occasion to remember. So the sence is, That all Earthly Powers and Glories should be obscured with the far greater Splendour of Christ the King of Kings, at whose Feet even the Kings of the Earth shall fall down and worship, as we shall see in other parts of this Prophecy.

The Messiah, who, though Man, yet is also God, and the Lord of Hosts, and is so called Zech. 2. 8, 11.

Shall come in the Flesh, and set up his Kingdom, first in Ierusalem, and afterward in all other Nations.

Before his Ministers, who are in some sort the Courtiers of this King of Glory, as being continually attending upon him, and enjoying his Presence, and executing the Powers and Offices of his Kingdom; and especially before his Apostles, who were the Witnesses of his Divine Words and Works, and particularly of his Resurrection and Ascension, by which he entred upon his Kingdom; and of the Exercise of his Royal Power, in subduing both Jews and Gentiles to himself. The Word ancient or elder is not a Name of Age, but of Office, as it is in very many Texts of Scripture. And the ancients are here put Synechdochically for the whole Church, in whose Name and for whose Service they act.

Heb. in glory; for that Preposition is very frequently understood.

Marginal references: Chap. 13. 10. Ezek. 32. 7. Joel 2. 31. & 3. 15.; Or, there shall be glory before his ancients.