Matthew Poole and continuators on Joshua 9

2 That they gathered themselves together to fight with Joshua, and with Israel with one accord.

Not actually, as the following History shews; but they entred into a league or confederation to do this.

Marginal references: Heb. Mouth.

3 And when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho, and to Ai,

Or, But; for he shews that these took another and a wiser course.

A great and royal city of the Hivites, Ios. 10. 2. and 11. 19.

4 They did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been embassadors , and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine-bottles, old and rent, and bound up.

Sent from a far Country, as they say, v. 6.

6 And they went to Joshua, unto the camp at Gilgal , and said unto him, and to the men of Israel , We be come from a far countrey: now therefore make ye a league with us.

The place of their head-Quarters.

To wit, those who used to meet in Counsel with Joshua, to whom it belonged to make Leagues, as it here follows, even the Princes of the Congregation, not the common people, as appears both from v. 15, 18, 19, 21. and from common usage of all Ambassadors, who generally deliver their Message to, and treat with Princes, not People. And the Hebrew word isch, here used, sometimes notes men of eminency and dignity.

Because we are not of this people, whom, as we are informed, you are obliged utterly to destroy; that which appeared sufficiently both by the Israelites practice in destroying the Amorites beyond Iordan, and the people of Iericho and Ai, without any allowance for Sex or Age; and by common rumor and the report of the Israelites and other persons who dwelt among them, or had converse with them, as Rahab and all her kindred; and by the nature of the thing, because they were to possess that whole Land, and were not to mix themselves with the people of it.

7 And the men of Israel said unto the Hivite , Peradventure ye dwell among us , and how shall we make a league with you?

i. e. The Gibeonites who were Hivites, Jos. 11. 19.

i. e. In this Land, and so are of that people with whom we are forhidden to make any League or Covenant, Exod. 23. 32, 33, 34. Deut. 7. 2. and 20. 15, 16.

8 And they said unto Joshua, We are thy servants . And Joshua said unto them, Who are ye? and from whence come ye ?

We desire a League with you upon your own terms; we are ready to accept of any conditions.

For this free and general concession of theirs gave Ioshua just cause to suspect that they were of the cursed Canaanites.

9 And they said unto him, From a very far country thy servants are come, because of the Name of the LORD thy God: for we have heard the same of him, and all that he did in Egypt .

Being moved thereunto by the report of his great and glorious nature and works; so they gave them hopes that they would embrace their Religion.

They cunningly mention those things only which were done some time since, and say nothing of the dividing of Iordan, nor of the destruction of Iericho and Ai, as if they lived so far off that the same of those things had not yet reached them.

14 And the men took of their victuals , and asked not counsel at the mouth of the LORD .

i. e. The Princes, as before v. 7.

Not from their want or any desire they could have to such unpleasant and unwholsome food; nor as a Ceremony usual in making Leagues, for that was not now done, but in the next verse: but that they might examine the truth of what they said.

As they ought to have done upon all such weighty and doubtful occasions. So they are accused of rashness and neglect of their Duty. For though it is probable, if God had been consulted, he would have consented to the sparing of the Gibeonites; yet it should have been done with more caution, and an obligation left upon them to embrace the true Religion, which here was omitted.

Marginal references: Or, [illegible: 1 word] [illegible: 1+ letters] ceived [illegible: 1 word] men by [illegible: 1 word] of their [illegible: 1 word] als.

15 And Joshua made peace with them, and made a league with them, to let them live : and the princes of the congregation sware unto them.

i. e. That they would not destroy them. Some question whether this League was lawful and obliging, because it is contrary to a positive and precedent law of God, by which they were enjoined to make no peace with them, but utterly to destroy them, Exod. 23. 32. and 34. 12. &c. But this law seems to admit of some exception and favourable interpretation, and that taken from the reason and soul of that Law; which was this, that the Israelites might not be tainted with their Idolatry and other Abominations by cohabitation with them; and therefore when that reason ceased, i. e. if they were willing to relinquish their Possessions and Idolatry, and other wickedness, and to embrace the true Religion, they might be spared. And tho this Law was delivered in general terms, because God foresaw that the Israelites would be most prone to err on that hand, by sparing those whom they should destroy; yet that it was to be understood with an exception of Penitents, and true Converts, might easily be gathered both from the example of Rahab, and from the Tenor of Divine Threatnings, which though absolutely deliver[illegible: 1+ letters]d, allow of this exception; as appears from Ier. 18. 7, 8. Ionah 3. 4. and from the great kindness and favour which God hath manifested unto all true Penitents, in delivering them from evils threatned to them, and inflicted upon others; which kindness of God we also are obliged to imitate by vertue of that natural and moral Law of God implanted in us, and revealed to us, to which such positive Commands as this of killing the Canaanites must give place. And that this League was lawful and obliging, may seem probable, 1. Because Ioshua and all the Princes upon the review concluded it so to be, and spared them accordingly, v. 19, 20, 22, 23. 2. Because God punished the violation of it long after, 2 Sam. 21. 1. 3. Because God is said to have hardened the hearts of all other Cities, not to seek Peace with Israel, that so he might utterly destroy them, Ios. 11. 19, 20. which seems to imply that their utter Destruction did not necessarily come upon them by vertue of any absolute and peremptory Command of God to destroy them, but by their own obstinate hardness, whereby they neglected and refused to make Peace with the Israelites. Obj. This League was grounded upon a Deceit and Errour of the persons, which also they had entred a caution against, v. 7. Ans. Their supposition that they were Canaanites, was indeed a part of the foregoing Discourse, v. 7. and the Israelites rested satisfied with their Answer, and believed they were not, and so entred into the League; but that League was absolute, not suspended upon that or any other condition; and the error was not about the persons, but about the Country and People to which they belonged, which was not material to this Contract, no more than it is to a Contract of Marriage, that the one person believed the other to be of another Country or Family than indeed they were.

16 ¶ And it came to pass at the end of three days , after they had made a league with them, that they heard that they were their neighbours, and that they dwelt among them.

i. e. At the last of them, or upon the third day, as it is said, v. 17. and so this Phrase is elsewhere used, as Deut. 14. 28. and 31. 10. Or it may be properly understood, that after three days they heard this, and on the day after they heard this, they came to their Cities, as is said, v. 17.

17 And the children of Israel journeyed, and came unto their cities on the third day: now their cities were Gibeon, and Chephirah, and Beeroth and Kirjath jearim .

Which Cities were subject to Gibeon, which was the Royal City, Ios. 10. 2.

18 And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by the LORD God of Israel: and all the congregation murmured against the Princes .

Partly from that proneness which is in people to censure the actions of their Rulers; partly because they might think the Princes by their rashness had brought them into a Snare, that they could neither Kill them for fear of the Oath, nor Spare them for fear of Gods Command to the contrary; and partly from their desire of the Possession and Spoil of these Cities, of which they thought themselves hereby deprived.

19 But all the princes said unto all the congregation, We have sworn unto them by the LORD God of Israel: now therefore we may not touch them .

They plead not the lawfulness, nor the prudence of the action; but only the Obligation of an Oath; of which, though it was procured by Fraud, they perceived the People sufficiently sensible.

i. e. Not hurt them, as that word is oft used, as Gen. 26. 11. Psal. 105. 15. and 144. 5. or, not smite them, as is said v. 18.

20 This we will do to them: we will even let them live, * lest wrath be upon us, because of the breach of the Oath which we sware unto them.

Which follows, v. 21.

21 And the princes said unto them, Let them live (but let them be hewers of wood, and drawers of water unto all the congregation ) as the princes had promised them .

i. e. Let them be publick Servants, and employed in the meanest Offices and Drudgeries (such as this was, this one kind being put for all the rest, as it is Deut. 29. 11.) for the use and benefit of the Congregation, to do this partly for the Sacrifices and Services of the House of God, as it is expressed v. 23. which otherwise the Israelites themselves must have done; partly for the Service of the Camp or body of the People; and sometimes upon occasion, even to particular Israelites: whence they are made Bond-men, which is mentioned as a thing distinct from their Service in the House of God, v. 23. And so they are in effect stripped of all their Possessions, whereby the main ground of the Peoples Quarrel was taken away.

Or, because or seeing that (as▪ the Hebrew word sometimes signifies) the Princes (i. e. we our selves, they speak of themselves in the third person, which is very frequent in the Hebrew Language) had promised it to them, to wit, that they should live; and confirmed their Promise by an Oath. So the Princes speaking here to the People, alledg the Promise or Oath of the Princes, when they met among themselves, and apart from the People. And this change of persons may possibly arise from hence, because some of the Princes who were present in the Assembly of the Princes, might now be absent upon some occasion. And this clause relates not to the next words, which are fitly enclosed within a Parenthesis, but to the foregoing clause, let them live, because the Princes have promised them their Lives.

Marginal references: Ver. 15.

23 Now therefore ye are cursed , and there shall † none of you be freed from being bondmen , and hewers of wood, and drawers of water for the house of my God .

You shall not escape the Curse of God which by Divine Sentence belongs to all the Canaanites, who are a People Devoted by God to ruine; but only change the quality of it, you shall feel that Curse of Bondage and Servitude, which is proper to your race, by vertue of that ancient Decree, Gen. 9. 25. you shall live indeed, but in a poor, vile and miserable condition.

The Slavery which is upon you shall be entailed to your posterity.

This only Service they mention here, because it was their principal and most durable servitude, being first in the Tabernacle, and then in the Temple, whence they were called Nethinims, 1 Chron. 9. 2. Ezra 2. 43. whereas their servitude to the whole Congregation would in a great measure cease when the Israelites were dispersed to their several habitations.

Marginal references: ‡ Heb. not be cut off from you.

25 And now behold, we are in thine hand : as it seemeth good and right unto thee to do unto us, do .

i. e. In thy power to use us as thou wilt.

We refer our selves to thee, and thy own Piety, and Probity, and Faithfulness to thy Word and Oath; If thou wilt destroy thy humble Suppliants, we submit.

26 And so did he unto them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, that they slew them not.

g So as was said, v. 23. and so as here follows.

27 And Joshua made them that day hewers of wood, and drawers of water for the congregation, and for the altar of the LORD , even unto this day, in the place which he should chuse.

By which it appears, that they were not only to do this Service in Gods House, but upon all other occasions, as the Congregation needed or required their help.