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Westminster Larger Catechism, Question 145

Question 145

What are the sins forbidden in the ninth commandment?

The sins forbidden in the ninth commandment are, all prejudicing the truth, and the good name of our neighbors, as well as our own, especially in public judicature; giving false evidence, suborning false witnesses, wittingly appearing and pleading for an evil cause, outfacing and overbearing the truth; passing unjust sentence, calling evil good, and good evil; rewarding the wicked according to the work of the righteous, and the righteous according to the work of the wicked; forgery, concealing the truth, undue silence in a just cause, and holding our peace when iniquity calleth for either a reproof from ourselves, or complaint to others; speaking the truth unseasonably, or maliciously to a wrong end, or perverting it to a wrong meaning, or in doubtful and equivocal expressions, to the prejudice of truth or justice; speaking untruth, lying, slandering, backbiting, detracting, tale bearing, whispering, scoffing, reviling, rash, harsh, and partial censuring; misconstructing intentions, words, and actions; flattering, vainglorious boasting, thinking or speaking too highly or too meanly of ourselves or others; denying the gifts and graces of God; aggravating smaller faults; hiding, excusing, or extenuating of sins, when called to a free confession; unnecessary discovering of infirmities; raising false rumors, receiving and countenancing evil reports, and stopping our ears against just defense; evil suspicion; envying or grieving at the deserved credit of any, endeavoring or desiring to impair it, rejoicing in their disgrace and infamy; scornful contempt, fond admiration; breach of lawful promises; neglecting such things as are of good report, and practicing, or not avoiding ourselves, or not hindering: What we can in others, such things as procure an ill name.

Scripture references for paragraph 1

Berean Standard Bible. Public domain text and source credits.

1 Samuel 17:28

28Now when David’s oldest brother Eliab heard him speaking to the men, his anger burned against David. “Why have you come down here?” he asked. “And with whom did you leave those few sheep in the wilderness? I know your pride and wickedness of heart—you have come down to see the battle!”

2 Samuel 1:9-10

9Then he begged me, ‘Stand over me and kill me, for agony has seized me, but my life still lingers.’

10So I stood over him and killed him, because I knew that after he had fallen he could not survive. And I took the crown that was on his head and the band that was on his arm, and I have brought them here to my lord.”

2 Samuel 1:15-16

15Then David summoned one of the young men and said, “Go, execute him!” So the young man struck him down, and he died.

16For David had said to the Amalekite, “Your blood be on your own head because your own mouth has testified against you, saying, ‘I killed the LORD’s anointed.’”

2 Samuel 16:3

3“Where is your master’s grandson?” asked the king. And Ziba answered, “Indeed, he is staying in Jerusalem, for he has said, ‘Today, the house of Israel will restore to me the kingdom of my grandfather.’”

Leviticus 19:15

15You must not pervert justice; you must not show partiality to the poor or favoritism to the rich; you are to judge your neighbor fairly.

Habakkuk 1:4

4Therefore the law is paralyzed, and justice never goes forth. For the wicked hem in the righteous, so that justice is perverted.

Proverbs 6:16

16There are six things that the LORD hates, seven that are detestable to Him:

Proverbs 6:19

19a false witness who gives false testimony, and one who stirs up discord among brothers.

Proverbs 19:5

5A false witness will not go unpunished, and one who utters lies will not escape.

Acts 6:13

13where they presented false witnesses who said, “This man never stops speaking against this holy place and against the law.

Jeremiah 9:3

3“They bend their tongues like bows; lies prevail over truth in the land. For they proceed from evil to evil, and they do not take Me into account,” declares the LORD.

Jeremiah 9:5

5Each one betrays his friend; no one tells the truth. They have taught their tongues to lie; they wear themselves out committing iniquity.

Acts 24:2

2When Paul had been called in, Tertullus opened the prosecution: “Because of you, we have enjoyed a lasting peace, and your foresight has brought improvements to this nation.

Acts 24:5

5We have found this man to be a pestilence, stirring up dissension among the Jews all over the world. He is a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes,

Psalms 3:1-4

1O LORD, how my foes have increased! How many rise up against me!

2Many say of me, “God will not deliver him.” Selah

3But You, O LORD, are a shield around me, my glory, and the One who lifts my head.

4To the LORD I cry aloud, and He answers me from His holy mountain. Selah

Psalms 12:3-4

3May the LORD cut off all flattering lips and every boastful tongue.

4They say, “With our tongues we will prevail. We own our lips—who can be our master?”

Proverbs 17:15

15Acquitting the guilty and condemning the righteous— both are detestable to the LORD.

1 Kings 21:9-14

9In the letters she wrote: “Proclaim a fast and give Naboth a seat of honor among the people.

10But seat two scoundrels opposite him and have them testify, ‘You have cursed both God and the king!’ Then take him out and stone him to death.”

11So the elders and nobles who lived in Naboth’s city did as Jezebel had instructed in the letters she had written to them.

12They proclaimed a fast and gave Naboth a seat of honor among the people.

13And the two scoundrels came in and sat opposite Naboth, and these men testified against him before the people, saying, “Naboth has cursed both God and the king!” So they took him outside the city and stoned him to death.

14Then they sent word to Jezebel: “Naboth has been stoned to death.”

Isaiah 5:23

23who acquit the guilty for a bribe and deprive the innocent of justice.

Psalms 119:69

69Though the arrogant have smeared me with lies, I keep Your precepts with all my heart.

Luke 16:5-7

5And he called in each one of his master’s debtors. ‘How much do you owe my master?’ he asked the first.

6‘A hundred measures of olive oil,’ he answered. ‘Take your bill,’ said the manager. ‘Sit down quickly, and write fifty.’

7Then he asked another, ‘And how much do you owe?’ ‘A hundred measures of wheat,’ he replied. ‘Take your bill and write eighty,’ he told him.

Luke 19:8

8But Zacchaeus stood up and said to the Lord, “Look, Lord, half of my possessions I give to the poor, and if I have cheated anyone, I will repay it fourfold.”

Leviticus 5:1

1“If someone sins by failing to testify when he hears a public charge about something he has witnessed, whether he has seen it or learned of it, he shall bear the iniquity.

Acts 5:3

3Then Peter said, “Ananias, how is it that Satan has filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit and withhold some of the proceeds from the land?

Acts 5:8-9

8“Tell me,” said Peter, “is this the price you and your husband got for the land?” “Yes,” she answered, “that is the price.”

9“How could you agree to test the Spirit of the Lord?” Peter replied. “Look, the feet of the men who buried your husband are at the door, and they will carry you out also.”

2 Timothy 4:6

6For I am already being poured out like a drink offering, and the time of my departure is at hand.

1 Kings 1:6

6(His father had never once reprimanded him by saying, “Why do you act this way?” Adonijah was also very handsome, born next after Absalom.)

Leviticus 19:17

17You must not harbor hatred against your brother in your heart. Directly rebuke your neighbor, so that you will not incur guilt on account of him.

Isaiah 59:4

4No one calls for justice; no one pleads his case honestly. They rely on empty pleas; they tell lies; they conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity.

Proverbs 29:11

11A fool vents all his anger, but a wise man holds it back.

1 Samuel 22:9-10

9But Doeg the Edomite, who had stationed himself with Saul’s servants, answered: “I saw the son of Jesse come to Ahimelech son of Ahitub at Nob.

10Ahimelech inquired of the LORD for him and gave him provisions. He also gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.”

Psalms 52:1

1Why do you boast of evil, O mighty man? The loving devotion of God endures all day long.

Psalms 56:5

5All day long they twist my words; all their thoughts are on my demise.

John 2:19

19Jesus answered, “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up again.”

Matthew 26:60-61

60But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. Finally two came forward

61and declared, “This man said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days.’”

Genesis 3:5

5“For God knows that in the day you eat of it, your eyes will be opened and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.”

Genesis 26:7

7But when the men of that place asked about his wife, he said, “She is my sister.” For he was afraid to say, “She is my wife,” since he thought to himself, “The men of this place will kill me on account of Rebekah, because she is so beautiful.”

Genesis 26:9

9Abimelech sent for Isaac and said, “So she is really your wife! How could you say, ‘She is my sister’?” Isaac replied, “Because I thought I might die on account of her.”

Isaiah 59:13

13rebelling and denying the LORD, turning away from our God, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering lies from the heart.

Leviticus 19:11

11You must not steal. You must not lie or deceive one another.

Colossians 3:9

9Do not lie to one another, since you have taken off the old self with its practices,

Psalms 50:20

20You sit and malign your brother; you slander your own mother’s son.

Psalms 15:3

3who has no slander on his tongue, who does no harm to his neighbor, who casts no scorn on his friend,

James 4:11

11Brothers, do not slander one another. Anyone who speaks against his brother or judges him speaks against the law and judges it. And if you judge the law, you are not a practitioner of the law, but a judge of it.

Jeremiah 38:4

4Then the officials said to the king, “This man ought to die, for he is discouraging the warriors who remain in this city, as well as all the people, by speaking such words to them; this man is not seeking the well-being of these people, but their ruin.”

Leviticus 19:16

16You must not go about spreading slander among your people. You must not endanger the life of your neighbor. I am the LORD.

Romans 1:29-30

29They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed, and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice. They are gossips,

30slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant, and boastful. They invent new forms of evil; they disobey their parents.

Genesis 21:9

9But Sarah saw that the son whom Hagar the Egyptian had borne to Abraham was mocking her son,

Galatians 4:29

29At that time, however, the son born by the flesh persecuted the son born by the Spirit. It is the same now.

1 Corinthians 6:10

10nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor verbal abusers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God.

Matthew 7:1

1“Do not judge, or you will be judged.

Acts 28:4

4When the islanders saw the creature hanging from his hand, they said to one another, “Surely this man is a murderer. Although he was saved from the sea, Justice has not allowed him to live.”

Genesis 38:24

24About three months later, Judah was told, “Your daughter-in-law Tamar has prostituted herself, and now she is pregnant.” “Bring her out!” Judah replied. “Let her be burned to death!”

Romans 2:1

1You, therefore, have no excuse, you who pass judgment on another. For on whatever grounds you judge the other, you are condemning yourself, because you who pass judgment do the same things.

Nehemiah 6:6-8

6that read: “It is reported among the nations—and Geshem agrees—that you and the Jews are plotting to revolt, and this is why you are building the wall. According to these reports, you are to become their king,

7and you have even appointed prophets in Jerusalem to proclaim on your behalf: ‘There is a king in Judah.’ Soon these rumors will reach the ears of the king. So come, let us confer together.”

8Then I sent him this reply: “There is nothing to these rumors you are spreading; you are inventing them in your own mind.”

Romans 3:8

8Why not say, as some slanderously claim that we say, “Let us do evil that good may result”? Their condemnation is deserved!

Psalms 69:10

10I wept and fasted, but it brought me reproach.

1 Samuel 1:13-15

13Hannah was praying in her heart, and though her lips were moving, her voice could not be heard. So Eli thought she was drunk

14and said to her, “How long will you be drunk? Put away your wine!”

15“No, my lord,” Hannah replied. “I am a woman oppressed in spirit. I have not had any wine or strong drink, but I have poured out my soul before the LORD.

2 Samuel 10:3

3the princes of the Ammonites said to Hanun their lord, “Just because David has sent you comforters, do you really believe he is showing respect for your father? Has not David instead sent his servants to explore the city, spy it out, and overthrow it?”

Psalms 12:2-3

2They lie to one another; they speak with flattering lips and a double heart.

3May the LORD cut off all flattering lips and every boastful tongue.

2 Timothy 3:2

2For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boastful, arrogant, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy,

Luke 18:9

9To some who trusted in their own righteousness and viewed others with contempt, He also told this parable:

Luke 18:11

11The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed, ‘God, I thank You that I am not like the other men—swindlers, evildoers, adulterers—or even like this tax collector.

Romans 12:16

16Live in harmony with one another. Do not be proud, but enjoy the company of the lowly. Do not be conceited.

1 Corinthians 4:6

6Brothers, I have applied these things to myself and Apollos for your benefit, so that you may learn from us not to go beyond what is written. Then you will not take pride in one man over another.

Acts 12:22

22And they began to shout, “This is the voice of a god, not a man!”

Exodus 4:10-14

10“Please, Lord,” Moses replied, “I have never been eloquent, neither in the past nor since You have spoken to Your servant, for I am slow of speech and tongue.”

11And the LORD said to him, “Who gave man his mouth? Or who makes the mute or the deaf, the sighted or the blind? Is it not I, the LORD?

12Now go! I will help you as you speak, and I will teach you what to say.”

13But Moses replied, “Please, Lord, send someone else.”

14Then the anger of the LORD burned against Moses, and He said, “Is not Aaron the Levite your brother? I know that he can speak well, and he is now on his way to meet you. When he sees you, he will be glad in his heart.

Job 4:6

6Is your reverence not your confidence, and the uprightness of your ways your hope?

Job 27:5-6

5I will never say that you are right; I will maintain my integrity until I die.

6I will cling to my righteousness and never let go. As long as I live, my conscience will not accuse me.

Matthew 7:3-5

3Why do you look at the speck in your brother’s eye, but fail to notice the beam in your own eye?

4How can you say to your brother, ‘Let me take the speck out of your eye,’ while there is still a beam in your own eye?

5You hypocrite! First take the beam out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye.

Proverbs 28:13

13He who conceals his sins will not prosper, but whoever confesses and renounces them will find mercy.

Proverbs 30:20

20This is the way of an adulteress: She eats and wipes her mouth and says, ‘I have done nothing wrong.’

Genesis 3:12-13

12And the man answered, “The woman whom You gave me, she gave me fruit from the tree, and I ate it.”

13Then the LORD God said to the woman, “What is this you have done?” “The serpent deceived me,” she replied, “and I ate.”

Genesis 4:9

9And the LORD said to Cain, “Where is your brother Abel?” “I do not know!” he answered. “Am I my brother’s keeper?”

Jeremiah 2:35

35you say, ‘I am innocent. Surely His anger will turn from me.’ Behold, I will judge you, because you say, ‘I have not sinned.’

2 Kings 5:25

25When Gehazi went in and stood before his master, Elisha asked him, “Gehazi, where have you been?” “Your servant did not go anywhere,” he replied.

Genesis 9:22

22And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father’s nakedness and told his two brothers outside.

Proverbs 25:9-10

9Argue your case with your neighbor without betraying another’s confidence,

10lest the one who hears may disgrace you, and your infamy never go away.

Exodus 23:1

1“You shall not spread a false report. Do not join the wicked by being a malicious witness.

Proverbs 29:12

12If a ruler listens to lies, all his officials will be wicked.

Acts 7:56-57

56“Look,” he said, “I see heaven open and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God.”

57At this they covered their ears, cried out in a loud voice, and rushed together at him.

Job 31:13-14

13If I have rejected the cause of my manservant or maidservant when they made a complaint against me,

14what will I do when God rises to judge? How will I answer when called to account?

1 Corinthians 13:5

5It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no account of wrongs.

1 Timothy 6:4

4he is conceited and understands nothing. Instead, he has an unhealthy interest in controversies and semantics, out of which come envy, strife, abusive talk, evil suspicions,

Numbers 11:29

29But Moses replied, “Are you jealous on my account? I wish that all the LORD’s people were prophets and that the LORD would place His Spirit on them!”

Matthew 21:15

15But the chief priests and scribes were indignant when they saw the wonders He performed and the children shouting in the temple courts, “Hosanna to the Son of David!”

Ezra 4:12-13

12Let it be known to the king that the Jews who came from you to us have returned to Jerusalem. And they are rebuilding that rebellious and wicked city, restoring its walls, and repairing its foundations.

13Let it now be known to the king that if that city is rebuilt and its walls are restored, they will not pay tribute, duty, or toll, and the royal treasury will suffer.

Jeremiah 48:27

27Was not Israel your object of ridicule? Was he ever found among thieves? For whenever you speak of him you shake your head.

Psalms 35:15-16

15But when I stumbled, they assembled in glee; they gathered together against me. Assailants I did not know slandered me without ceasing.

16Like godless jesters at a feast, they gnashed their teeth at me.

Psalms 35:21

21They gape at me and say, “Aha, aha! Our eyes have seen!”

Matthew 27:28-29

28They stripped Him and put a scarlet robe on Him.

29And they twisted together a crown of thorns and set it on His head. They put a staff in His right hand and knelt down before Him to mock Him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!”

Jude 1:16

16These men are discontented grumblers, following after their own lusts; their mouths spew arrogance; they flatter others for their own advantage.

Romans 1:31

31They are senseless, faithless, heartless, merciless.

2 Timothy 3:3

3unloving, unforgiving, slanderous, without self-control, brutal, without love of good,

1 Samuel 2:24

24No, my sons; it is not a good report I hear circulating among the LORD’s people.

2 Samuel 13:12-13

12“No, my brother!” she cried. “Do not humiliate me, for such a thing should never be done in Israel. Do not do this disgraceful thing!

13Where could I ever take my shame? And you would be like one of the fools in Israel! Please speak to the king, for he will not withhold me from you.”

Proverbs 5:8-9

8Keep your path far from her; do not go near the door of her house,

9lest you concede your vigor to others, and your years to one who is cruel;

Proverbs 6:33

33Wounds and dishonor will befall him, and his reproach will never be wiped away.

Source and edition

Westminster Larger Catechism. NonlinearFruit/Creeds.json, Unlicense. Creeds.json, English transcription

Unlicense. Source transcription.

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