Matthew Poole and continuators on James 4:9

9 Be afflicted , and mourn , and weep : let your laughter be turned into mourning , and your joy into heaviness .

Humble your selves for your Sins (before-mentioned) and in the Sense of Wrath approaching, if ye do not

with inward Sorrow of Heart.

Shew your inward Grief by weeping, the usual Expression, and Sign of it.

Your carnal rejoycing in what you get by sinful Courses, v. 1, 2. lusting, warring, fighting.

Exchange your carnal Joy for godly Sorrow.

To the same purpose as laughter, before: by it he means their pleasing themselves in the success of their Unrighteousness, the Gain of their Rapine and Violence.

The same as Mourning, or an outward Expression of it in the Dejection of the Countenance, which usually proceeds from Shame or Sorrow (and the Greek word signifies both.) whereas Joy and Confidence make Men lift up their Heads or Faces, Ezra 9.6. Iob ▪ 10.15. and 11.15. and 22.26. Luke 21.28.

Marginal references: Matth. 5.4.